Tooth Sensitivity: What It Means and How to Treat It

If biting into something cold or sipping hot coffee sometimes sends a shock through your teeth, you’re not alone. Tooth sensitivity happens when the protective layers of the tooth—enamel or gums—wear away and expose the inner layer, dentin, which contains microscopic nerve tubes. When stimuli like heat, cold, sweet foods, or acid touch these exposed surfaces, they trigger a sharp, fleeting pain.

Several things can cause sensitivity. Overzealous brushing with a hard-bristled brush or abrasive toothpaste can wear enamel or recede gums. Acidic drinks, frequent citrus or soda consumption, and acid reflux can gradually erode enamel. Cracks in teeth, worn restorations, or receding gums that expose the root surfaces also increase sensitivity. In many patients, sensitivity is a symptom of underlying issues like decay or gum disease.

Treating sensitivity depends on identifying its root cause. For many, using a desensitizing toothpaste works well over time—it “helps block transmission of sensation from the tooth surface to the nerve” (MouthHealthy / ADA). These pastes contain compounds that seal or block the microscopic tubules in dentin. In the dental office, we can apply high-strength fluoride gels or varnishes to strengthen enamel and reduce the sensation. For more persistent sensitivity tied to exposed root surfaces, bonding agents or sealants may cover exposed areas and protect them. In rare cases where nerves are severely irritated or damage has reached deeper layers, a root canal may become necessary.

You can also take steps at home to support relief. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing technique, avoid whitening or acidic products that might worsen sensitivity, and limit acidic foods or drinks. Wait at least 30 minutes after consuming acidic foods before brushing so softened enamel isn’t scratched. If you grind your teeth, a night guard can reduce wear that aggravates sensitivity.

If sensitivity persists for more than a few days or affects multiple teeth, consult your dentist. Persistent sensitivity may signal cavities, cracks, or gum issues that need professional care. At Rabalais Dental, we evaluate the cause of your sensitivity and tailor a treatment plan to bring you comfort again—so your smile doesn’t suffer in silence.

Sources
“MouthHealthy / ADA, Sensitive Teeth”
https://www.mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/sensitive-teeth

Preventing and Treating Tooth Sensitivity (JADA article)
https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177%2814%2960601-2/fulltext

“Mayo Clinic, Sensitive Teeth: What Treatments Are Available?”
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/sensitive-teeth/faq-20057854

“Colgate, Understanding the Causes & Treatment for Tooth Sensitivity”
https://www.colgate.com/en-ph/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/is-one-sensitive-tooth-a-serious-issue-1015